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The phonograph was developed as a result of Thomas Edison's work on two other inventions, the telegraph and the telephone. In 1877, Edison was working on a machine that would transcribe telegraphic messages through indentations on paper tape, which could later be sent over the telegraph repeatedly.
Phonograph cylinders (also referred to as Edison cylinders after its creator Thomas Edison) are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound.
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Fitted with 2/4-minute gearing, a flipover Model O combination reproducer, and one of the deluxe wooden cygnet horns, it is a workhorse capable of giving the best reproduction to be had from a mainstream cylinder player.
The first phonograph was invented in 1877 at the Menlo Park lab. A piece of tin-foil was wrapped around the cylinder in the middle. You shouted a short message into the piece on one side of the cylinder while you turned the handle.
Drawing inspiration from the concept of the human ear, Edison developed a device that used a diaphragm and stylus to capture sound waves onto a rotating cylinder coated with a special material. This invention, the phonograph, was a groundbreaking achievement that allowed for the first-ever recording and playback of sound.
Thomas Edison achieved widespread early fame by inventing the phonograph and startling the public by demonstrating a machine that could talk.
When compared with Edouard-Léon Scott de Martinville's cylinder phonautograph of 1859, Thomas Edison’s cylinder phonograph of 1877 may seem obvious in design and function. In hindsight today, one might assume that Edison's idea came to the inventor fully-formed.
Edison introduced improved phonograph models and cylinders over the years, ending with the Blue Amberol Record, an unbreakable cylinder with superior sound. In 1910, the company was reorganized into Thomas A. Edison, Inc.
And for those living at the turn of the 20th century, the most likely source of recorded sound on cylinders would have been Thomas Alva Edison's crowning achievement, the phonograph.