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Among the 250 known harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 69 can cause cancer." [7] [2] [8] [9] See: Health effects of tobacco smoking and List of cigarette smoke carcinogens. Although many of these additives are used in making cigarettes, each cigarette does not contain all of these additives.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 4 October 2024. Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health "Health effects of smoking" and "Dangers of smoking" redirect here. For cannabis, see Effects of cannabis. For smoking crack cocaine, see Crack cocaine § Health issues. "Smoking and health" redirects here. For ...
The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...
Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of over 7,000 toxic chemicals, 98 of which are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and 69 of which are known to be carcinogenic. [86] The most important chemicals causing cancer are those that produce DNA damage, since such damage appears to be the primary underlying cause of cancer. [104]
Nicotine is a hygroscopic, colorless [83] to yellow-brown, oily liquid, that is readily soluble in alcohol, ether or light petroleum. It is miscible with water in its neutral amine base form between 60 °C and 210 °C. It is a dibasic nitrogenous base, having K b1 =1×10 −6, K b2 =1×10 −11. [161]
The tobacco-specific nitrosamines are present in cigarette smoke and to a lesser degree in "smokeless" tobacco products such as dipping tobacco and chewing tobacco; additional information has shown that trace amounts of NNN and NNK have been detected in e-cigarettes. [3] They are present in trace amounts in snus.
The levels of toxic chemicals in e-cigarette vapor is in some cases similar to that of nicotine replacement products. [136] Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) such as nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and N -Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and tobacco-specific impurities have been found in the e-cigarette vapor at very low levels, [ 114 ...
The levels of toxic chemicals in the e-cigarette vapor were found to be 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than with cigarette smoke but greater than from a nicotine inhaler. [13] Nearly all e-cigarettes evaluated, toxic and irritation-causing carbonyls were identified. [63] Reports regarding the levels of toxic chemicals were inconsistent. [63]