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  2. Japanese abbreviated and contracted words - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_abbreviated_and...

    Other uses of letters include abbreviations of spellings of words. Here are some examples: E: 良い /いい (ii; the word for "good" in Japanese). The letter appears in the name of the company e-homes. J: The first letter of "Japan" (日本) as in J1 League, J-Phone. Q: The kanji 九 きゅう ("nine") has the reading kyū. Japanese "Dial Q2 ...

  3. List of Japanese typographic symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese...

    wakiten (脇点, "side dot") kurogoma (黒ゴマ, "sesame dot") shirogoma (白ゴマ, "white sesame dot") Adding these dots to the sides of characters (right side in vertical writing, above in horizontal writing) emphasizes the character in question. It is the Japanese equivalent of the use of italics for emphasis in English. ※. 2228.

  4. Japanese writing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system

    The modern Japanese writing system uses a combination of logographic kanji, which are adopted Chinese characters, and syllabic kana.Kana itself consists of a pair of syllabaries: hiragana, used primarily for native or naturalized Japanese words and grammatical elements; and katakana, used primarily for foreign words and names, loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific names, and sometimes for emphasis.

  5. List of Japanese Latin alphabetic abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese_Latin...

    IR – integrated resort. J. JC – joshi chūgakusei (女子中学生, female middle school student) JH – Japan Highway Public Corporation. JK – jōshikiteki ni kangaete (常識的に考えて, Internet slang for "thinking logically") JK – joshi kōsei (女子高生, female high school student) JR – Japan Railway. JS – joshi ...

  6. Japanese punctuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_punctuation

    Japanese can be written horizontally or vertically, and some punctuation marks adapt to this change in direction. Parentheses, curved brackets, square quotation marks, ellipses, dashes, and swung dashes are rotated clockwise 90° when used in vertical text (see diagram). Japanese punctuation marks are usually "full width" (that is, occupying an ...

  7. Ditto mark - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditto_mark

    The word ditto comes from the Tuscan language, [7] where it is the past participle of the verb dire (to say), with the meaning of "said", as in the locution "the said story". The first recorded use of ditto with this meaning in English occurs in 1625. [7] In English, the abbreviation "do.", usually italicised, has sometimes been used instead of ...

  8. List of gairaigo and wasei-eigo terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gairaigo_and_wasei...

    Gairaigo are Japanese words originating from, or based on, foreign-language, generally Western, terms.These include wasei-eigo (Japanese pseudo-anglicisms).Many of these loanwords derive from Portuguese, due to Portugal's early role in Japanese-Western interaction; Dutch, due to the Netherlands' relationship with Japan amidst the isolationist policy of sakoku during the Edo period; and from ...

  9. List of kanji radicals by frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kanji_radicals_by...

    There are two readings for a kanji: On'yomi and Kun'yomi. On'yomi is a reading derived from the Chinese way of reading, Kun'yomi is the original Japanese reading. The six radicals that occur the most frequently [2] (in order of frequency) [3] and make up 25% of the 2136 Jōyō kanji: 口 (くち) (3 strokes) mouth, opening.