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In Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide is a trace gas that plays an integral part in the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, photosynthesis and oceanic carbon cycle. It is one of three main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of Earth. Water vapor is the primary greenhouse gas, as of 2010, contributing 50% of the greenhouse effect, followed by ...
The global carbon dioxide partitioning (atmospheric CO 2, land sink, and ocean sink) averaged over the historical period (1900–2020) The airborne fraction is a scaling factor defined as the ratio of the annual increase in atmospheric CO. 2 to the CO. 2 emissions from human sources. [1] It represents the proportion of human emitted CO 2 that ...
Keeling Curve. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentrations from 1958 to 2023. The Keeling Curve is a graph of the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere based on continuous measurements taken at the Mauna Loa Observatory on the island of Hawaii from 1958 to the present day. The curve is named for the scientist Charles ...
Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m 3, μg/m 3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude because the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2]
Stomatal conductance, usually measured in mmol m −2 s −1 by a porometer, estimates the rate of gas exchange (i.e., carbon dioxide uptake) and transpiration (i.e., water loss as water vapor) through the leaf stomata as determined by the degree of stomatal aperture (and therefore the physical resistances to the movement of gases between the air and the interior of the leaf).
Air separation. An air separation plant separates atmospheric air into its primary components, typically nitrogen and oxygen, and sometimes also argon and other rare inert gases. The most common method for air separation is fractional distillation. Cryogenic air separation units (ASUs) are built to provide nitrogen or oxygen and often co ...
Van der Waals constants (data page) The following table lists the Van der Waals constants (from the Van der Waals equation) for a number of common gases and volatile liquids. [1] To convert from to , multiply by 100. To convert from to , divide by 10. To convert from to , divide by 1000. a (L 2 bar/mol 2)
Atmospheric carbon cycle. Schematic representation of the overall perturbation of the global carbon cycle caused by anthropogenic activities, averaged from 2010 to 2019. [ 1 ] The atmospheric carbon cycle accounts for the exchange of gaseous carbon compounds, primarily carbon dioxide (CO 2), between Earth's atmosphere, the oceans, and the ...