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Samarium (II) iodide is a one-electron reductant, and typically effects reduction through a series of electron transfer and proton transfer (from protic solvent) steps. [ 4 ][ 3 ] Reducible functional groups include: α-Functionalized carbonyl compounds. Ketones and aldehydes. Carboxylic acids (under strongly acidic or basic conditions) Organic ...
The mechanism for the reduction of a nitrile to an aldehyde with DIBAL-H. The hydride reagent Diisobutylaluminium hydride, or DIBAL-H, is commonly used to convert nitriles to the aldehyde. [14] Regarding the proposed mechanism, DIBAL forms a Lewis acid-base adduct with the nitrile by formation of an N-Al bond. The hydride is then transferred to ...
Samarium (II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula SmI 2. When employed as a solution for organic synthesis, it is known as Kagan 's reagent. SmI 2 is a green solid and forms a dark blue solution in THF. [1] It is a strong one-electron reducing agent that is used in organic synthesis.
Desulfonylation reactions. Desulfonylation reactions are chemical reactions leading to the removal of a sulfonyl group from organic compounds. As the sulfonyl functional group is electron -withdrawing, [1] methods for cleaving the sulfur –carbon bonds of sulfones are typically reductive in nature. Olefination or replacement with hydrogen may ...
The reduction of nitroaromatics is conducted on an industrial scale. [1] Many methods exist, such as: Catalytic hydrogenation using: Raney nickel [2] or palladium-on-carbon, [3] [4] [5] platinum(IV) oxide, or Urushibara nickel. [6] Iron in acidic media. [7] [8] [9] Sodium hydrosulfite [10] Sodium sulfide (or hydrogen sulfide and base ...
Aluminium nitride (Al N) is a solid nitride of aluminium. It has a high thermal conductivity of up to 321 W/(m·K) [ 5 ] and is an electrical insulator. Its wurtzite phase (w-AlN) has a band gap of ~6 eV at room temperature and has a potential application in optoelectronics operating at deep ultraviolet frequencies.
Infobox references. Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH, DIBAL, DIBAL-H or DIBAH) is a reducing agent with the formula (i -Bu 2 AlH) 2, where i -Bu represents isobutyl (-CH 2 CH (CH 3) 2). This organoaluminium compound is a reagent in organic synthesis. [1]
Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a named reaction in chemistry, was invented by Henry Stephen (OBE / MBE). This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using tin (II) chloride (SnCl 2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ( [R-CH=NH 2] + Cl −) with water (H 2 O). [1][2] During the ...