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Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. [1] Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
In music, an interval ratio is a ratio of the frequencies of the pitches in a musical interval. For example, a just perfect fifth (for example C to G) is 3:2 ( Play ⓘ ), 1.5, and may be approximated by an equal tempered perfect fifth ( Play ⓘ ) which is 2 7/12 (about 1.498).
The size of an interval between two notes may be measured by the ratio of their frequencies.When a musical instrument is tuned using a just intonation tuning system, the size of the main intervals can be expressed by small-integer ratios, such as 1:1 (), 2:1 (), 5:3 (major sixth), 3:2 (perfect fifth), 4:3 (perfect fourth), 5:4 (major third), 6:5 (minor third).
Pythagorean tuning is a system of musical tuning in which the frequency ratios of all intervals are determined by choosing a sequence of fifths [2] which are "pure" or perfect, with ratio :. This is chosen because it is the next harmonic of a vibrating string, after the octave (which is the ratio 2 : 1 {\displaystyle 2:1} ), and hence is the ...
If a scale uses an interval of 21:20, it is a 7 limit just intonation, since 21 is a multiple of 7. The interval 9 / 8 is a 3 limit interval because the numerator and denominator are multiples of 3 and 2, respectively. It is possible to have a scale that uses 5 limit intervals but not 2 limit intervals, i.e. no octaves, such as Wendy ...
For instance, the perfect fifth with ratio 3/2 (equivalent to 3 1 / 2 1) and the perfect fourth with ratio 4/3 (equivalent to 2 2 / 3 1) are Pythagorean intervals. All the intervals between the notes of a scale are Pythagorean if they are tuned using the Pythagorean tuning system. However, some Pythagorean intervals are also used in other ...
Although this ratio [45/32] is composed of numbers which are multiples of 5 or under, they are excessively large for a 5-limit scale, and are sufficient justification, either in this form or as the tempered "tritone", for the epithet "diabolic", which has been used to characterize the interval.
The psychophysicist Stanley Smith Stevens defined nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Nominal measurements do not have meaningful rank order among values, and permit any one-to-one transformation.