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Partial fluid restriction can be used as therapy, but has the disadvantages of being difficult to maintain, and it is often ineffective. [6] Drugs causing increased diuresis ( diuretics ) is generally an alternative, and have less risk of causing decreased glomerular filtration rate through the kidneys and resultant decreased kidney function .
A low sodium diet has a useful effect to reduce blood pressure, both in people with hypertension and in people with normal blood pressure. [7] Taken together, a low salt diet (median of approximately 4.4 g/day – approx 1800 mg sodium) in hypertensive people resulted in a decrease in systolic blood pressure by 4.2 mmHg, and in diastolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg.
Mild and asymptomatic hyponatremia is treated with adequate solute intake (including salt and protein) and fluid restriction starting at 500 millilitres per day (mL/d) of water with adjustments based on serum sodium levels. Long-term fluid restriction of 1,200–1,800 mL/d may maintain the person in a symptom-free state. [36]
Dietary changes may include the restriction of fluid intake, protein, and electrolytes including sodium, phosphorus, and potassium. [1] Calories may also be supplemented if the individual is losing weight undesirably. [1]
Permissive hypotension relies on the heart's ability to pump fluid through the body efficiently. Less intravascular fluid results in less fluid filling the heart (lower end diastolic volume) which results in a lower amount of volume pumped out of the heart (stroke volume). This is based on the Frank-Starling law of the heart.
Rapid weight increase is generally due to fluid retention. Weight gain of more than 2 pounds is associated with admission to the hospital for heart failure. [6] Sodium restriction – excessive sodium intake may precipitate or exacerbate heart failure, thus a "no added salt" diet (60–100 mmol total daily intake) is recommended for patients ...
A cardiac diet also known as a heart healthy diet [1] is a diet focus on reducing sodium, fat and cholesterol intake. The diet concentrates on reducing "foods containing saturated fats and trans fats" and substituting them with "mono and polyunsaturated fats".
Demeclocycline can be used in chronic situations when fluid restrictions are difficult to maintain; demeclocycline is the most potent inhibitor of Vasopressin (ADH/AVP) action. However, demeclocycline has a 2–3 day delay in onset with extensive side effect profile, including skin photosensitivity, and nephrotoxicity.