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Modern algorithms and computers can quickly factor univariate polynomials of degree more than 1000 having coefficients with thousands of digits. [3] For this purpose, even for factoring over the rational numbers and number fields, a fundamental step is a factorization of a polynomial over a finite field.
The cost of a polynomial greatest common divisor between two polynomials of degree at most n can be taken as O(n 2) operations in F q using classical methods, or as O(nlog 2 (n) log(log(n)) ) operations in F q using fast methods. For polynomials h, g of degree at most n, the exponentiation h q mod g can be done with O(log(q)) polynomial ...
In elementary algebra, factoring a polynomial reduces the problem of finding its roots to finding the roots of the factors. Polynomials with coefficients in the integers or in a field possess the unique factorization property, a version of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic with prime numbers replaced by irreducible polynomials.
The Cantor–Zassenhaus algorithm takes as input a square-free polynomial (i.e. one with no repeated factors) of degree n with coefficients in a finite field whose irreducible polynomial factors are all of equal degree (algorithms exist for efficiently factoring arbitrary polynomials into a product of polynomials satisfying these conditions, for instance, () / ((), ′ ()) is a squarefree ...
The power of this grid search allows a new polynomial factoring strategy that has proven to be very effective for a certain class of polynomials. This algorithm was conceived of by Pat Lindsey and implemented by Jim Fox in a package of computer programs created to factor high-degree polynomials.
Polynomial long division is an algorithm that implements the Euclidean division of polynomials, which starting from two polynomials A (the dividend) and B (the divisor) produces, if B is not zero, a quotient Q and a remainder R such that A = BQ + R, and either R = 0 or the degree of R is lower than the degree of B.
A general-purpose factoring algorithm, also known as a Category 2, Second Category, or Kraitchik family algorithm, [10] has a running time which depends solely on the size of the integer to be factored. This is the type of algorithm used to factor RSA numbers. Most general-purpose factoring algorithms are based on the congruence of squares method.
The quadratic sieve algorithm (QS) is an integer factorization algorithm and, in practice, the second-fastest method known (after the general number field sieve).It is still the fastest for integers under 100 decimal digits or so, and is considerably simpler than the number field sieve.