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The intelligentsia is a status class composed of the university-educated people of a society who engage in the complex mental labours by which they critique, shape, and lead in the politics, policies, and culture of their society; [1] as such, the intelligentsia consists of scholars, academics, teachers, journalists, and literary writers.
His works were exhibited at numerous exhibitions, including dozens one-artist shows, in Israel, USA, Europe and, after the collapse of the USSR, in Russia. His ultimate acceptance and recognition there was culminated in a sensational memorial one-artist exhibition staged in 2009 at the famous Russian Museum in St.Petersburg - an exceptional ...
Since her parents were members of the Moscow intelligentsia, their children's education was a high priority. [2] As a result, she studied under private tutors. [1] While her family did not fully understand her interest in science, they did not discourage her, and she would read professional literature and conduct simple experiments at home. [2]
Free-floating intellectuals or free-floating intelligentsia (German: Freischwebende Intelligenz) is a term from the sociology of knowledge that was used by the sociologist and philosopher Karl Mannheim in 1929, but was originally coined by the sociologist Alfred Weber. [1]
The Narodniks [a] were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism , Narodnism or Narodnichestvo , [ b ] was a form of agrarian socialism , though it is often misunderstood as populism .
The Intelligenzaktion (German pronunciation: [ɪntɛliˈɡɛnt͡s.akˌt͡sjoːn]), or the Intelligentsia mass shootings [citation needed], was a series of mass murders which was committed against the Polish intelligentsia (teachers, priests, physicians, and other prominent members of Polish society) early in the Second World War (1939–45) by Nazi Germany.
[16] [17] In a similar mass murder near Chojnice, known as "Chojnice Valley of Death" (Polish: Chojnicka Dolina Śmierci), 2,000 citizens from Chojnice were murdered between 1939 and 1945. Most victims were Polish intelligentsia and patients from local mental hospitals murdered in the "Euthanasia Program" called Action T4. [18] [19]
The Jews were rounded up into Ghettos or sent to extermination camps while the ethnic Polish intelligentsia, priests and politicians were targeted for elimination (Intelligenzaktion, AB-Aktion). Forced labor was also employed as a technique of elimination. The Red Army invaded Poland from the East on 17 September 1939. [6]