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Plasmapheresis (from the Greek πλάσμα, plasma, something molded, and ἀφαίρεσις aphairesis, taking away) is the removal, treatment, and return or exchange of blood plasma or components thereof from and to the blood circulation. It is thus an extracorporeal therapy, a medical procedure performed outside the body. [1]
The amount of blood drawn and the methods vary. The collection can be done manually or with automated equipment that takes only specific components of the blood. Most of the components of blood used for transfusions have a short shelf life, and maintaining a constant supply is a persistent problem.
The exchange transfusion is done in cycles: each one usually lasts a few minutes. [ 1 ] The patient’s blood is slowly withdrawn (usually about 5 to 20 mL at a time, depending on the patient’s size and the severity of illness), and a slightly larger amount of fresh, prewarmed blood or plasma flows into the patient's body.
In addition, some (though not all) centers defer further platelet donations until the red blood cells can be replenished. In most cases, blood plasma is returned to the donor as well. However, in locations that have plasma processing facilities, a part of the donor's plasma can also be collected in a separate blood bag (see plasmapheresis ).
Ambulatory care or outpatient care is medical care provided on an outpatient basis, including diagnosis, observation, consultation, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation services. This care can include advanced medical technology and procedures even when provided outside of hospitals.
Since the early 1990s, plasmapheresis has become the treatment of choice for TTP. [ 43 ] [ 44 ] This is an exchange transfusion involving removal of the person's blood plasma through apheresis and replacement with donor plasma ( fresh frozen plasma or cryosupernatant ); the procedure must be repeated daily to eliminate the inhibitor and abate ...
Platelets can be produced either from whole blood donations or by apheresis. [1] They keep for up to five to seven days. [1] Platelet components can have had the white blood cells partially removed (leucodepleted) which decreases the risk of having a transfusion reaction. [33]
An outpatient department or outpatient clinic is the part of a hospital designed for the treatment of outpatients, people with health problems who visit the hospital for diagnosis or treatment, but do not at this time require a bed or to be admitted for overnight care. Modern outpatient departments offer a wide range of treatment services ...