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CPR consists of chest compressions followed by rescue breaths - for single rescuer do 30 compressions and 2 breaths (30:2), for > 2 rescuers do 15 compressions and 2 breaths (15:2). The rate of chest compressions should be 100-120 compressions/min and depth should be 1.5 inches for infants and 2 inches for children. [citation needed]
Neonatal resuscitation, also known as newborn resuscitation, is an emergency procedure focused on supporting approximately 10% of newborn children who do not readily begin breathing, putting them at risk of irreversible organ injury and death. [1] Many of the infants who require this support to start breathing well on their own after assistance.
Normal breathing rates are between 12 and 20 breaths per minute, [14] and if a patient is breathing below the minimum rate, then in current ILCOR basic life support protocols, CPR should be considered, although professional rescuers may have their own protocols to follow, such as artificial respiration.
Over the years, the American Heart Association has added two new links to the chain: post-resuscitation care in 2010, [7] [3] and physical and emotional recovery in 2020. [4] Also in 2020, the American Heart Association issued a new pediatric chain of survival for infants, children, and adolescents. [8]
With children, however, 2015 American Heart Association guidelines indicate that doing only compressions may actually result in worse outcomes, because such problems in children normally arise from respiratory issues rather than from cardiac ones, given their young age. [1] Chest compression to breathing ratios is set at 30 to 2 in adults.
Patients in the CHEER trial [19] had a mechanical compression device, the Autopulse (TM ZOLL Inc, MA USA) attached. Also specific to the CHEER trial is the infusion of 2L of ice-cold saline in an effort to induce hypothermia. The patient is intubated for ventilatory support, while they continue to be managed. [20]
The LUCAS device delivers high-quality compressions at a continuous rate, while up to a third of manual compressions can be incorrect. [9] In 2013, a 68-year-old male made a complete recovery, including no intellectual or neurological deficits, after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest after 59 minutes of mechanical compressions on a LUCAS device ...
Basic life support (BLS) is a level of medical care which is used for patients with life-threatening condition of cardiac arrest until they can be given full medical care by advanced life support providers (paramedics, nurses, physicians or any trained general personnel).