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The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
The definition of geodetic latitude (ϕ) and geocentric latitude (θ) The geocentric latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and the radius from the centre to a point of interest. When the point is on the surface of the ellipsoid, the relation between the geocentric latitude (θ) and the geodetic latitude (ϕ) is:
The geocentric longitude and geodetic longitude have the same value; this is true for Earth and other similar shaped planets because they have a large amount of rotational symmetry around their spin axis (see triaxial ellipsoidal longitude for a generalization).
Point H is a point on the surface of a spheroid. This point has a geodetic latitude (α) and a geocentric latitude (β). Point H' is a point sharing the same geodetic latitude as point H, but is at a higher altitude and has a different geocentric latitude (γ).
The geographical centre of Earth is the geometric centre of all land surfaces on Earth.Geometrically defined it is the centroid of all land surfaces within the two dimensions of the Geoid surface which approximates the Earth's outer shape.
English: Shows the difference between angles of latitude for a position on an oblate spheroid (such as the Earth) when using the geocentric (angle β) and geodetic (angle α) coordinate systems. The segment, IP, bisects the angle GPF, where points G and F are the foci of the elliptical cross-section of the spheroid, and is therefore normal to ...
In geography, the centroid of the two-dimensional shape of a region of the Earth's surface (projected radially to sea level or onto a geoid surface) is known as its geographic centre or geographical centre or (less commonly) gravitational centre.