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It is the optical equivalent of an electronic time domain reflectometer which measures the impedance of the cable or transmission line under test. An OTDR injects a series of optical pulses into the fiber under test and extracts, from the same end of the fiber, light that is scattered (Rayleigh backscatter) or reflected back from points along ...
There are two basic principles of measurement for distributed sensing technology, OTDR (optical time-domain reflectometry) and OFDR (optical frequency-domain reflectometry). For distributed temperature sensing often a code correlation technology [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] is employed which carries elements from both principles.
Phase-sensitive coherent optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) is a technique that can provide sufficient sensitivity and resolution for these distributed acoustic sensing systems. [2] Standard optical time-domain reflectometry techniques use light sources with coherence lengths, which are shorter than pulse lengths. This can yield a sum ...
Optical fibers can be used as sensors to measure strain, [1] temperature, pressure and other quantities by modifying a fiber so that the quantity to be measured modulates the intensity, phase, polarization, wavelength or transit time of light in the fiber. Sensors that vary the intensity of light are the simplest, since only a simple source and ...
Time-domain transmissometry (TDT) is an analogous technique that measures the transmitted (rather than reflected) impulse. Together, they provide a powerful means of analysing electrical or optical transmission media such as coaxial cable and optical fiber .
An optical spectrum analyzer uses reflective or refractive techniques to separate out the wavelengths of light. An electro-optical detector is used to measure the intensity of the light, which is then normally displayed on a screen in a similar manner to a radio- or audio-frequency spectrum analyzer.
Transfer functions for components are used to design and analyze systems assembled from components, particularly using the block diagram technique, in electronics and control theory. Dimensions and units of the transfer function model the output response of the device for a range of possible inputs.
A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. [1] They are heavily used in engineering in hardware design , electronic design , software design , and process flow diagrams .