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A 5 psi blast overpressure will rupture eardrums in about 1% of subjects, and a 45 psi overpressure will cause eardrum rupture in about 99% of all subjects. The threshold for lung damage occurs at about 15 psi blast overpressure. A 35-45 psi overpressure may cause 1% fatalities, and 55 to 65 psi overpressure may cause 99% fatalities. [3]
20 Mt / 5.4 km Blast—effective ground range GR / km: Urban areas completely levelled (20 psi or 140 kPa) 0.2 0.6 2.4 6.4 Destruction of most civilian buildings (5 psi or 34 kPa) 0.6 1.7 6.2 17 Moderate damage to civilian buildings (1 psi or 6.9 kPa) 1.7 4.7 17 47 Railway cars thrown from tracks and crushed
+2.8 psi High end of lung pressure, exertable without injury by a healthy person for brief times [citation needed] +34 kPa +5 psi Level of long-duration blast overpressure (from a large-scale explosion) that would cause most buildings to collapse [49] 34 kPa Atmospheric pressure at the summit of Mount Everest [50] +70 kPa +10 psi
The main causes of death and disablement in this state are thermal burns and the failure of structures resulting from the blast effect. Injury from the pressure wave is minimal in contrast because the human body can survive up to 2 bar (30 psi) while most buildings can withstand only a 0.8 bar (12 psi) blast.
For reference, 5.0 psi is enough to destroy city areas while instruments at the blast site recorded 83 psi at approximately 190 feet (58 m). To understand the destructive forces, such an overpressure would correspond to wind speeds greater than 1,000 miles per hour (1,600 km/h), [ 4 ] and would be equivalent to a 1.0 megaton blast at 3,000 feet ...
A blast wave phenomenon is an incident involving the violent release of energy created by detonation of an explosive device. The sudden and intense pressure disturbance is termed the “blast wave.” The blast wave is characterized by an almost instantaneous rise from ambient pressure to a peak incident pressure (Pi).
Log–log plot comparing the yield (in kilotonnes) and mass (in kilograms) of various nuclear weapons developed by the United States.. The explosive yield of a nuclear weapon is the amount of energy released such as blast, thermal, and nuclear radiation, when that particular nuclear weapon is detonated, usually expressed as a TNT equivalent (the standardized equivalent mass of trinitrotoluene ...
A blast injury is a complex type of physical trauma resulting from direct or indirect exposure to an explosion. [1] Blast injuries occur with the detonation of high-order explosives as well as the deflagration of low order explosives. These injuries are compounded when the explosion occurs in a confined space.