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  2. Khalifa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifah

    Khalifa or Khalifah (Arabic: خليفة, romanized: Khalīfa; commonly "caliph" in English) is a name or title which means "successor", "ruler" or "leader". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate , but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and others.

  3. Caliphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate

    A caliphate (Arabic: خِلَافَةْ, romanized: khilāfah) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph [1] [2] [3] (/ ˈ k æ l ɪ f, ˈ k eɪ-/; خَلِيفَةْ khalīfa [xæ'liːfæh], pronunciation ⓘ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim ...

  4. List of caliphs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_caliphs

    The Khalīfatul Masīh (Arabic: خليفة المسيح; Urdu: خلیفہ المسیح; English: Successor of the Messiah), sometimes simply referred to as Khalifah (i.e. Caliph, successor), is the elected spiritual and organizational leader of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and is the successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who had taken ...

  5. Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz

    Whosoever accepts Islam, whether Christian, Jew or Zoroastrian, of those now subject to taxes and who joins himself to the body of the Muslims in their abode, forsaking the abode in which he was before, he shall have the same rights and duties as they have, and they are obliged to associate with him and to treat him as one of themselves.

  6. Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Religious...

    The 1946 legislation also provided for the protection of Indonesia's Catholics and Protestants under the ministry's framework. [2] Some people hold view that Ministry of Religious Affairs is not a new creation. The lineage of the Ministry of Religious Affairs can be traced back to the Japanese colonial period (宗務部, Shūmubu, lit.

  7. Islamic honorifics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_honorifics

    In Islamic writings, these honorific prefixes and suffixes come before and after the names of all the prophets (of whom there are 124,000 in Islam, the last of whom is the Prophet of Islam Muhammad [2]), the Imams (the twelve Imams in the Shia school of thought), specially the infallibles in Shia Islam and the prominent individuals who followed ...

  8. Khalifah ibn Khayyat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifah_ibn_Khayyat

    Abū ʿAmr Khalīfa ibn Khayyāṭ al-Laythī al-ʿUṣfurī (Arabic: خليفة بن خياط) (born : 160/161 AH/777 AD– died 239/240 AH/854 AD) was an Arab historian.

  9. al-Hadi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi

    Al-Hadi was born in 764. His father was al-Mahdi and al-Khayzuran bint Atta was the mother of both caliphs Musa al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid. [3] She had another son named Isa ibn al-Mahdi, [4] and a daughter named Banuqah or Banujah. [5]