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Urinary tract infection in pediatric patients is a significant clinical issue, affecting approximately 7% of fevered infants and children. [43] If left untreated, the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys, resulting in acute pyelonephritis, which leads to hypertension , kidney scarring , and end-stage kidney disease .
Nitrofurantoin, sold under the brand name Macrobid among others, is an antibacterial medication of the nitrofuran class used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), although it is not as effective for kidney infections. [16] It is taken by mouth. [16] Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and headaches. [16]
It is used to treat urinary tract infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections, travelers' diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, and cholera, among others. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] It is used both to treat and prevent pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in people with HIV/AIDS and other causes of immunosuppression. [ 2 ]
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [1] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder ( cystitis ) or urethra ( urethritis ) while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney ( pyelonephritis ). [ 10 ]
Cefalexin can treat a number of bacterial infections including otitis media, streptococcal pharyngitis, bone and joint infections, pneumonia, cellulitis, and urinary tract infections. [4] It may be used to prevent bacterial endocarditis. [4] It can also be used for the prevention of recurrent urinary-tract infections. [4]
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. [5] This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others. [5]
Fosfomycin, sold under the brand name Monurol among others, is an antibiotic primarily used to treat lower urinary tract infections. [8] It is not indicated for kidney infections. [8] Occasionally it is used for prostate infections. [8] It is generally taken by mouth. [8]
In some men, chronic bacterial prostatitis can be severe and highly refractory to treatment or relapsing. [34] [35] In addition, it can be life-threatening due to urinary tract infections (UTIs). [35] Prostatectomy, or prostate removal surgery, has been used rarely and in well-selected patients to treat these kinds of cases.