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Linnaeus presented early ideas found in modern aspects to human ecology, including the balance of nature while highlighting the importance of ecological functions (ecosystem services or natural capital in modern terms): "In exchange for performing its function satisfactorily, nature provided a species with the necessaries of life" [10]: 66 The ...
Human beings, writes social anthropologist Ernest Gellner, are not genetically programmed to be members of this or that social order. You can take a human infant and place it into any kind of social order and it will function acceptably. What makes human society so distinctive is the fabulous range of quite different forms it takes across the ...
Auguste Comte, known as "the father of sociology", formulated the law of three stages: human development progresses from the theological stage, in which nature was mythically conceived and man sought the explanation of natural phenomena from supernatural beings; through a metaphysical stage in which nature was conceived of as a result of ...
Digital anthropology is the study of the relationship between humans and digital-era technology and extends to various areas where anthropology and technology intersect. It is sometimes grouped with sociocultural anthropology, and sometimes considered part of material culture. The field is new, and thus has a variety of names with a variety of ...
Arcadian ecology advocates for a "simple, humble life for man" and a harmonious relationship with humans and nature. [13] Opposing the Arcadian view is Francis Bacon's ideology, "imperial ecology". Imperialists work "to establish through the exercise of reason and by hard work, man’s dominance over nature". [13]
Human history is the record of humankind from prehistory to the present. Modern humans evolved in Africa around 300,000 years ago and initially lived as hunter-gatherers.They migrated out of Africa during the Last Ice Age and had spread across Earth's continental land except Antarctica by the end of the Ice Age 12,000 years ago.
Many Indigenous cultures do not draw a sharp distinction between humans and nature. [11] [12] These cultures tend to view humans as an integral part of the natural world rather than as separate from it. [13] Their practices and ways of life are based on relationship of reciprocity between living beings and the environment.
A knowledge society generates, shares, and makes available to all members of the society knowledge that may be used to improve the human condition. [60] A knowledge society differs from an information society in that it transforms information into resources that allow society to take effective action, rather than only creating and disseminating ...