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The electrowetting effect has been defined as "the change in solid-electrolyte contact angle due to an applied potential difference between the solid and the electrolyte". The phenomenon of electrowetting can be understood in terms of the forces that result from the applied electric field.
The photoelectrowetting effect can be interpreted by a modification of the Young-Lippmann equation. [3] The figure illustrates the principle of the photoelectrowetting effect. At zero bias (0V) the conducting droplet has a large contact angle (left image) if the insulator is hydrophobic.
Figure 9: "Petal effect" vs. "lotus effect" The intrinsic hydrophobicity of a surface can be enhanced by being textured with different length scales of roughness. The red rose takes advantage of this by using a hierarchy of micro- and nanostructures on each petal to provide sufficient roughness for superhydrophobicity. More specifically, each ...
Optoelectrowetting (OEW) is a method of liquid droplet manipulation used in microfluidics applications. This technique builds on the principle of electrowetting, which has proven useful in liquid actuation due to fast switching response times and low power consumption.
This effect has been termed ‘Schottky electrowetting’, effectively linking electrowetting and semiconductor effects. [ 15 ] Between 1953-1958, Fuller and Ditzenberger's work on the diffusion of impurities into silicon.
The contact area of a mercury droplet resting on a semiconductor can be modified by electrowetting, [4] meaning that accurate parameter extraction may need to take this effect into account. A mercury probe with concentric dot and ring contacts as well as a back contact extends mercury probe applications to silicon on insulator (SOI) structures ...
Electro-osmotic flow was first reported in 1807 by Ferdinand Friedrich Reuss (18 February 1778 (Tübingen, Germany) – 14 April 1852 (Stuttgart, Germany)) [1] in an unpublished lecture before the Physical-Medical Society of Moscow; [2] Reuss first published an account of electro-osmotic flow in 1809 in the Memoirs of the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow.
Electrowetting can be observed when a Schottky diode is formed using a droplet of liquid metal, e.g. mercury, in contact with a semiconductor, e.g. silicon. Depending on the doping type and density in the semiconductor, the droplet spreading depends on the magnitude and sign of the voltage applied to the mercury droplet. [20]