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ECHELON, originally a secret government code name, is a surveillance program (signals intelligence/SIGINT collection and analysis network) operated by the five signatory states to the UKUSA Security Agreement: [1] Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, also known as the Five Eyes.
CFS Leitrim, located south of Ottawa, is Canada's oldest operational signal intelligence collection station. Established by the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals in 1941 as I Special Wireless Station and renamed Ottawa Wireless Station in 1949, CFS Leitrim acquired its current name when the Supplementary Radio System was created in 1966.
A first satellite ground station for the ECHELON collection program was built in 1971 at a military firing and training center near Yakima, Washington. The facility, which was codenamed JACKKNIFE, became fully operational in May 1973 and was connected with NSA headquarters at Fort Meade by a 75-baud secure teletype orderwire channel. [4]
The second unusual feature of ECHELON is said to be that the system operates worldwide on the basis of cooperation proportionate to their capabilities among several states (the UK, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand), giving it an added value in comparison to national systems: the states participating in ECHELON (UKUSA states ...
Alert, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada, is the northernmost continuously inhabited place in the world. [5] [6] The location is on Ellesmere Island (in the Queen Elizabeth Islands) at latitude 82°30'05" north, 817 km (508 mi) from the North Pole. [7]
In 1943, German submarine U-boat 537 arrived in Canada's Labrador's Martin Bay with an automated weather station code named "Kurt." The crew, along with two meteorologists, assembled the bulky ...
Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station: Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station: Geraldton, WA United States: ECHELON: Yes 18: Dongara Satellite Station: Yatharagga West Australian Space Centre: Near Yarragadee, WA United States: Earth station Tracking and Data Relay Satellite Facility - now operated by the Swedish ...
The Examination Unit (XU) was established during the Second World War, in June 1941, as a branch of the National Research Council.It was the first civilian office in Canada solely dedicated to decryption of communications signals; until then, SIGINT was entirely within the purview of the Canadian military, and mostly limited to intercepts.