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According to one popular kind of macro-economic definition in textbooks, capital formation refers to "the transfer of savings from households and governments to the business sector, resulting in increased output and economic expansion" (see Circular flow of income). The idea here is that individuals and governments save money, and then invest ...
where Y is the net national income, w is the money wage rate, N is the number of workers employed, K is the amount of capital utilized, p is the average price of output as well as of capital and π is the gross profit rate.The above equation indicates that the profit rate is a functional of labour productivity (p)and real wage rate(w/p)and ...
When the consumption of fixed capital is deducted from the figures the resulting ratio of net fixed capital formation to net domestic product is around 8% for the average of the EU-27; again substantially higher ratios of more than 15% can be observed for some of the new EU member states such as Spain. Higher investment rates in poorer ...
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
The growth accounting model is normally expressed in the form of the exponential growth function. As an abstract example consider an economy whose total output (GDP) grows at 3% per year. Over the same period its capital stock grows at 6% per year and its labor force by 1%.
where + is the cost to the firm, r the rental rate of capital, w the wage rate for labor, and P is the price of the output. As in microeconomics supply and demand models, first-order conditions that the derivative of this function with respect to capital and labor will be zero at the functions maximum.
The concept of "gross fixed capital formation" (GFCF) used in official statistics however does not refer to total fixed investment in a country. Firstly GFCF measures only the value of additions to the fixed capital stock less the value of disposals of scrapped fixed assets. So normally total fixed investment in a year is in fact a larger value ...
Map of countries by Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP), 2023, according to World Bank. This is the list of countries by gross fixed capital formation (GFCP), formerly known as gross fixed investment. The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.