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  2. Key signature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_signature

    In all major scales with flat key signatures, the tonic in a major key is a perfect fourth below the last flat. When there is more than one flat, the tonic is the note of the second-to-last flat in the signature. [11] In the major key with four flats (B ♭ E ♭ A ♭ D ♭), for example, the second to last flat is A ♭, indicating a key of A ...

  3. F major - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_major

    F major is the home key of the English horn, the basset horn, the horn in F, the trumpet in F and the bass Wagner tuba. Thus, music in F major for these transposing instruments is written in C major. These instruments sound a perfect fifth lower than written, with the exception of the trumpet in F which sounds a fourth higher.

  4. List of musical scales and modes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_musical_scales_and...

    List of musical scales and modes Name Image Sound Degrees Intervals Integer notation # of pitch classes Lower tetrachord Upper tetrachord Use of key signature usual or unusual ; 15 equal temperament

  5. List of musical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_musical_symbols

    Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...

  6. Major scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_scale

    The major scale (or Ionian mode) is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music. It is one of the diatonic scales . Like many musical scales, it is made up of seven notes : the eighth duplicates the first at double its frequency so that it is called a higher octave of the same note (from Latin "octavus", the eighth).

  7. Key (music) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_(music)

    Instruments that do not play in the key of C are known as transposing instruments. [5] The most common kind of clarinet, for example, is said to play in the key of B ♭. This means that a scale written in C major in sheet music actually sounds as a B ♭ major scale when played on the B-flat clarinet—that is, notes sound a whole tone lower ...

  8. Musical tuning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_tuning

    In just intonation, the frequencies of the scale notes are related to one another by simple numeric ratios, a common example of this being ⁠ 1 / 1 ⁠, ⁠ 9 / 8 ⁠, ⁠ 5 / 4 ⁠, ⁠ 4 / 3 ⁠, ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠, ⁠ 5 / 3 ⁠, ⁠ 15 / 8 ⁠, ⁠ 2 / 1 ⁠ to define the ratios for the seven notes in a C major scale, plus the return to the ...

  9. Major and minor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_and_minor

    Major and minor third in a major chord: major third 'M' on bottom, minor third 'm' on top. Major and minor may also refer to scales and chords that contain a major third or a minor third, respectively. A major scale is a scale in which the third scale degree (the mediant) is a major third above the tonic note.

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