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The phonological deficit hypothesis is a prevalent cognitive-level explanation for the cause of reading difficulties and dyslexia. [1] It stems from evidence that individuals with dyslexia tend to do poorly on tests which measure their ability to decode nonsense words using conventional phonetic rules, and that there is a high correlation between difficulties in connecting the sounds of ...
The rapid auditory processing theory is an alternative to the phonological deficit theory, which specifies that the primary deficit lies in the perception of short or rapidly varying sounds. Support for this theory arises from evidence that people with dyslexia show poor performance on a number of auditory tasks, including frequency ...
Phonological processing skills make up the ability to identify and manipulate sounds in speech. Rapid automatized naming compose the ability to translate visual information whether of letters, objects or pictures into a phonological code.
The dual-route theory of reading aloud was first described in the early 1970s. [1] This theory suggests that two separate mental mechanisms, or cognitive routes, are involved in reading aloud, with output of both mechanisms contributing to the pronunciation of a written stimulus. [1] [2] [3]
Snowling was a member of the 2009 Rose Review of Dyslexia and Literacy Difficulties. [ 2 ] [ 12 ] As president of St John's College, Oxford from 2012 to 2022, [ 3 ] Snowling promoted the '2000 Women' programme, a series of events to celebrate the 2000 women matriculated at the college since 1979, when women were first admitted to the college.
[1] [2] There are at least three sub-types of dyslexia that have been recognized by researchers: orthographic, or surface dyslexia, phonological dyslexia and mixed dyslexia where individuals exhibit symptoms of both orthographic and phonological dyslexia. [3] Studies have shown that dyslexia is genetic and can be passed down through families.
Phonological awareness is an individual's awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure, of words. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Phonological awareness is an important and reliable predictor of later reading ability and has, therefore, been the focus of much research.
A combined cluster and discriminant analysis approach revealed three clusters of dyslexics with different cognitive deficits. Compared to reading-unimpaired children cluster no. 1 had worse phonological awareness; cluster no. 2 had higher attentional costs; cluster no. 3 performed worse in the phonological, auditory, and magnocellular tasks.