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An S3 heart sound is best heard with the bell-side of the stethoscope (used for lower frequency sounds). A left-sided S3 is best heard in the left lateral decubitus position and at the apex of the heart, which is normally located in the 5th left intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
Respiratory sounds, also known as lung sounds or breath sounds, are the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. [1] These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral characteristics of lung sounds. [2]
Crackles can be heard in people who have pneumonia, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, acute bronchitis, bronchiectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), interstitial lung disease or post thoracotomy or metastasis ablation. Pulmonary edema secondary to left-sided congestive heart failure and high altitude pulmonary edema can also cause ...
[18] [19] Abnormal sounds include: Wheezes, describing a continuous musical sound on expiration or inspiration. A wheeze is the result of narrowed airways. Common causes include asthma and emphysema. [20] Rhonchi (an increasingly obsolete term) characterised by low pitched, musical bubbly sounds heard on inspiration and expiration. Rhonchi are ...
This heart sound when present in a child or young adult implies the presence of a supple ventricle that can undergo rapid filling. Conversely, when heard in a middle-aged or older adult, an S 3 is often a sign of disease, indicating increased ventricular filling due to congestive heart failure or severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation. [6]
Auscultogram from normal and abnormal heart sounds. Diastolic heart murmurs are heart murmurs heard during diastole, [1] [2] [3] i.e. they start at or after S2 and end before or at S1. Many involve stenosis of the atrioventricular valves or regurgitation of the semilunar valves.
Breath sounds only on one side: Tension pneumothorax Right mainstem intubation. Aspiration No breath sounds or distant breath sounds Esophageal intubation Airway obstruction Wheezing: Aspiration Bronchospasm. Pulmonary edema. Rales: Aspiration Pulmonary edema Pneumonia Heart Decreased heart sounds Hypovolemia. Cardiac tamponade Tension pneumothorax
Heart murmur, shortness of breath during exercise or lying down, fatigue, palpitations, swollen feet or ankles [1] Complications: In severe cases: congestive heart failure, arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation), pulmonary hypertension [1] Types: Acute mitral regurgitation, chronic compensated mitral regurgitation, chronic decompensated mitral ...
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