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Fluconazole is an inhibitor of the human cytochrome P450 system, particularly the isozyme CYP2C19 (CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 to lesser extent) [31] In theory, therefore, fluconazole decreases the metabolism and increases the concentration of any drug metabolised by these enzymes.
Guidelines for proper dosing exist. Serum level determinations are mandatory for these patients. All patients receiving flucytosine should be under strict medical supervision. Hematological, renal and liver function studies should be done frequently during therapy (initially daily, twice a week for the rest of treatment).
It accumulates in the kidney, liver, lungs, pancreas, spleen, and adrenal glands. [19] Additionally, pentamidine does not reach curative levels in the cerebrospinal fluid . [ 10 ] It has a volume of distribution of 286-1356 liters when given intravenously and 1658-3790 liters when given intramuscularly. [ 20 ]
Some fungi (e.g. Candida krusei and fluconazole) exhibit intrinsic resistance to certain antifungal drugs or classes, whereas some species develop antifungal resistance to external pressures. Antifungal resistance is a One Health concern, driven by multiple extrinsic factors, including extensive fungicidal use, overuse of clinical antifungals ...
There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity should not be confused with some medications predominantly excreted by the kidneys needing their dose adjusted for the decreased kidney function (e.g., heparin, lithium).
In pharmacology, augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a phenomenon where certain critically ill patients may display increased clearance of a medication through the kidneys. In many cases, it is observed as a measured creatinine clearance above that which is expected given the patient's age, gender, and other factors.
By mouth: ibrexafungerp, fluconazole as a single dose. [4] For severe disease another dose after 3 days may be used. [27] Short-course topical formulations (i.e., single dose and regimens of 1–3 days) effectively treat uncomplicated candidal vulvovaginitis. The topically applied azole drugs are more effective than nystatin.
Kidney failure can be divided into two categories: acute kidney failure or chronic kidney failure. The type of renal failure is differentiated by the trend in the serum creatinine ; other factors that may help differentiate acute kidney failure from chronic kidney failure include anemia and the kidney size on sonography as chronic kidney ...
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