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Winged hippocamp in an Art Deco fountain, Kansas City, Missouri, (1937). The hippocampus, or hippocamp or hippokampos (plural: hippocampi or hippocamps; Ancient Greek: ἱππόκαμπος, from ἵππος, 'horse', and κάμπος, 'sea monster' [1]), sometimes called a "sea-horse" [2] in English, [citation needed] is a mythological creature mentioned in Etruscan, Greek, Phoenician, [3 ...
Regions described in the hippocampus are the head, body, and tail, and other hippocampal subfields include the dentate gyrus, the presubiculum, and the subiculum. The CA subfields use the initials of cornu ammonis, an earlier name of the hippocampus. [1]
[16] The system is related to the place cell system, located in the hippocampus, [17] which is mostly orientation-invariant and location-specific, whereas HD cells are mostly orientation-specific and location-invariant. However, HD cells do not require a functional hippocampus to express their head direction specificity. [18]
The dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the subfields of the hippocampus, in the hippocampal formation.The hippocampal formation is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, and includes the hippocampus (including CA1 to CA4) subfields, and other subfields including the dentate gyrus, subiculum, and presubiculum.
It forms a c-shaped bulge on the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. [1] Typically, the hippocampal formation is said to included the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus, and the subiculum. [2] The presubiculum, parasubiculum, and the entorhinal cortex may also be included. [3]
The pathway allows sensory information to reach the hippocampus for encoding. The mossy fiber pathway itself projects to CA3. Repetitive stimulation of its neurons leads to progressive use-dependent synaptic depression. These short-term changes in plasticity have been shown to be mediated by sodium channels that receive input from neuroglia. [16]
Pyramidal cells in the hippocampus called place cells play a significant role in self-location during movement over short distances. [3] As a rat moves along a path, individual place cells fire action potentials at an increased rate at particular positions along the path, termed "place fields".
The word hippogriff, also spelled hippogryph, [2] is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἵππος híppos, meaning "horse", and the Italian grifo meaning "griffin" (from Latin gryp or gryphus), which denotes another mythical creature, with the head of an eagle and body of a lion, that is purported to be the father of the hippogriff.