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Bowditch defined only "bar scale" in its 1962 Glossary, [4] but added a reference to "graphic scale" by its 2002 edition. [5] Dutton used both terms in 1978. [ 2 ] The International Hydrographic Organization 's Chart No. 1 uses only "linear scale". [ 6 ]
The scale can be expressed in four ways: in words (a lexical scale), as a ratio, as a fraction and as a graphical (bar) scale. Thus on an architect's drawing one might read 'one centimeter to one meter', 1:100, 1/100, or 1 / 100 . A bar scale would also normally appear on the drawing.
The bar is a metric unit of pressure defined as 100,000 Pa (100 kPa), though not part of the International System of Units (SI). A pressure of 1 bar is slightly less than the current average atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level (approximately 1.013 bar).
1:20 and 1:40 scales are used for working plans. 1:60 is normally used only to show large areas of a project. In 1918 French described the US engineer's scale using the term "civil engineers' scale", and it was said to be "used for plotting and map drawing, and the graphic solution of problems." [3]
The Japanese Zero fighter was the first to be produced in 1/48 scale and the first prop fighter added to the larger 1/32 scale in 2006 is once again the Japanese Zero. In 2023, Tamiya caught everyone by surprise with its announcement of a 1/48 F-35A Lightning II. [21] Tamiya has designed various kits and versions of the following airplanes in 1/48:
A graphical or bar scale. A map would also usually give its scale numerically ("1:50,000", for instance, means that one cm on the map represents 50,000cm of real space, which is 500 meters) A bar scale with the nominal scale expressed as "1:600 000", meaning 1 cm on the map corresponds to 600,000 cm=6 km on the ground.
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Perhaps because of the complexity of casting a metal model, Hubley's range of marques for the kits was not that wide – basically a 1:20 scale range of Ford Model As and 1932 Chevrolets, a 1:22 scale range of Packards, and two 1:18 scale Duesenbergs. The small range was made up for, though, in the number of variations for each car model.