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This lower-than-normal B12 profile persisted throughout life in the brain tissues of patients with autism. These deficiencies are not visible by conventional blood sampling. [104] [105] As for the classic deficiency of vitamin B12, it would affect up to 40% of the population, its prevalence has not yet been studied in autism spectrum disorders ...
Other chromosomal disorders notable for significantly increasing the risk of both autism and schizophrenia include 15q11.2 microdeletions [44] and 17q12 microdeletion syndrome. [45] Imprinting disorders such as Prader-Willi syndrome tend to have phenotypes that contradict the hypothesis.
This is a list of major and frequently observed neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), symptoms (e.g., back pain), signs (e.g., aphasia) and syndromes (e.g., Aicardi syndrome). There is disagreement over the definitions and criteria used to delineate various disorders and whether some of these conditions should be classified as ...
Iryna Spodarenko / GettyWe’ve come a long way in our understanding of autism since it was first used as a clinical description in 1943. Scientists have identified some of the genes that seem to ...
Echopraxia is a typical symptom of Tourette syndrome but causes are not well elucidated. [1]Frontal lobe animation. One theoretical cause subject to ongoing debate surrounds the role of the mirror neuron system (MNS), a group of neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (F5 region) of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors, [1] but no widely accepted neural or computational models have ...
Rett syndrome brain samples and autism brain samples show immaturity of dendrite spines and reduction of cell-body size due to errors in coupled regulation between MECP2 and EGR2. [62] However, because of the multigene involvement in autism, the MECP2 gene has only been identified as a vulnerability factor in autism. [63]
The amygdala, cerebellum, and many other brain regions have been implicated in autism. [15]Unlike some brain disorders which have clear molecular hallmarks that can be observed in every affected individual, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, autism does not have a unifying mechanism at the molecular, cellular, or systems level.
Echolalia occurs in many cases of autism spectrum disorder and Tourette syndrome. [1] [2] It may also occur in several other neurological conditions such as some forms of dementia or stroke-related aphasia. [1] [3]