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The risk is increased for elderly or ill because persons who are older or who have terminal medical conditions are more likely to be overpowered by fear of approaching death. They may become fixated on the number of days they have left, which can cause severe anxiety. [6] People in prison are also more likely to develop chronophobia.
The term sundowning was coined by nurse Lois K. Evans in 1987 due to the association between the person's increased confusion and the setting of the sun. [2] [3] For people with sundown syndrome, a multitude of behavioral problems begin to occur and are associated with long-term adverse outcomes.
If people who do not have non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder are deprived of external time cues (living in a cave or artificial time-isolated environment with no light), their circadian rhythms will "free-run" with a cycle of a little more (occasionally less) than 24 hours, expressing the intrinsic period of each individual's circadian clock.
This also explains why dyschronometria is seen more commonly in the elderly due to the deterioration of physical brain matter with age. Other probable causes for the deterioration of brain matter in the elderly include increased supranational activation , decreased cerebellar activation (which is consistent with fronto-cerebellar dissociation ).
The most well-known version of this illusion is known as the stopped-clock illusion, wherein a subject's first impression of the second-hand movement of an analog clock, subsequent to one's directed attention (i.e., saccade) to the clock, is the perception of a slower-than-normal second-hand movement rate (the second-hand of the clock may ...
Design draft for a reality orientation board used to help people with dementia or in post-operative delirium. The aim of cognition-oriented treatments, which include reality orientation and cognitive retraining is the restoration of cognitive deficits. Reality orientation consists in the presentation of information about time, place or person ...
A circadian rhythm (/ s ər ˈ k eɪ d i ə n /), or circadian cycle, is a natural oscillation that repeats roughly every 24 hours.Circadian rhythms can refer to any process that originates within an organism (i.e., endogenous) and responds to the environment (is entrained by the environment).
Approximately 3% of healthy elderly persons living in the community have major depression. Recurrence may be as high as 40%. Suicide rates are nearly twice as high in depressed patients as in the general population. Major depression is more common in medically ill patients who are older than 70 years and hospitalized or institutionalized.