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The name penguin was first used in the late 16th century for the Great Auk (pictured here) and was later applied to Southern Hemisphere birds due to their resemblance, though they are unrelated. [10] The word penguin first appears in literature at the end of the 16th century as a synonym for the great auk. [11]
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population Adélie penguin. P. adeliae (Hombron and Jacquinot, 1841) Antarctica and surrounding islands LC 1,084,320–1,228,320 breeding pairs [9] Chinstrap penguin. P. antarcticus (Forster, J. R., 1781) Antarctic Peninsula and Balleny Islands LC 8,000,000 [10] Gentoo ...
The king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) is the second largest species of penguin, smaller than but somewhat similar in appearance to the emperor penguin. King penguins mainly eat lanternfish , squid , and krill .
The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica.The male and female are similar in plumage and size, reaching 100 cm (39 in) in length and weighing from 22 to 45 kg (49 to 99 lb).
It is commonly known as the fairy penguin, little blue penguin, or blue penguin, owing to its slate-blue plumage and is also known by its Māori name kororā. It is a marine neritic species that dives for food throughout the day and returns to burrows on the shore at dusk, making it the only nocturnal penguin species on land.
The genus name Pygoscelis is a compound word, composed of the Ancient Greek words pugē, meaning "rump", and skelos, meaning "leg". [10] The members of this genus are often called "brush-tailed penguins", a reference to their long, stiff tail feathers. [11]
Magellanic penguin on Argentina's coast Skeleton of a Magellanic penguin. Magellanic penguins are medium-sized penguins which grow to be 61–76 cm (24–30 in) tall and weigh between 2.7 and 6.5 kg (6.0 and 14.3 lb). [3] The males are larger than the females, and the weight of both drops while the parents raise their young.
The chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) is a species of penguin that inhabits a variety of islands and shores in the Southern Pacific and the Antarctic Oceans. Its name stems from the narrow black band under its head, which makes it appear as if it were wearing a black helmet, making it easy to identify. [2]