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Bureaucracy (/ b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [2]
The term "red tape" is sometimes employed as "an umbrella term covering almost all imagined ills of bureaucracy," both public and private. [2]: 275 However, red tape is usually defined more narrowly as government policies, guidelines, and forms that are excessive, duplicative and/or unnecessary, and that generate a financial or time-based compliance cost.
Street-level bureaucracy is the subset of a public agency or government institution where the civil servants work who have direct contact with members of the general public. Street-level civil servants carry out and/or enforce the actions required by a government's laws and public policies , in areas ranging from safety and security to ...
The term representative bureaucracy is generally attributed to J. Donald Kingsley's book titled Representative Bureaucracy that was published in 1944. In his book, Kingsley calls for a " liberalization of social class selection for the English bureaucracy," due to the "Dominance of social, political, and economic elites within the British bureaucracy" which he claimed resulted in programs and ...
In public administration, administrative discretion refers to the flexible exercising of judgment and decision making allowed to public administrators. [1] [2] Regulatory agencies have the power to exercise this type of discretion in their day-to-day activities, and there have been cases where regulatory agencies have abused this power.
By sending this email immediately after the administration blatantly disregarded federal law to fire 17 inspectors general without notice, many federal workers will expect similar disregard of ...
"work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion", the number of workers within public administration, bureaucracy or officialdom tends to grow, regardless of the amount of work to be done. This was attributed mainly to two factors: that officials want subordinates, not rivals, and that officials make work for each other.
The former HR manager, who left Google in 2020, said bureaucracy was to blame for Google's problems. This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Jordan Thibodeau, a former Google and ...