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This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. ( August 2011 ) This is a list of members of the 'Ndrangheta , a Mafia -type organisation in Calabria , Italy .
A similar use of {} can be used to construct a top down tree, but there is a template ({{Ahnentafel-chart}}) that can be used to display bottom-up or top-down family trees using {} that is simpler to construct:
The siblings of the individual or individuals studied may or may not be named for each family. This method is most popular in simplified single surname studies, however, allied surnames of major family branches may be carried back as well. In general, numbers are assigned only to the primary individual studied in each generation. [1]
Hernández is a widespread Spanish patronymic surname that became common around the 15th century. It means son of Hernán, Hernando, or Fernando, the Spanish version of the Germanic Ferdinand.
The word pedigree is a corruption of the Anglo-Norman French pé de grue or "crane's foot", either because the typical lines and split lines (each split leading to different offspring of the one parent line) resemble the thin leg and foot of a crane [3] or because such a mark was used to denote succession in pedigree charts. [4]
A familect or marriage language is a set of invented words or phrases with meanings understood within members of a family or other small intimate group. [1] Among the pioneers of research on familects is Cynthia Gordon, professor of linguistics at Georgetown University, who discussed the concept in her 2009 book Making Meanings, Creating Family. [1]
A defining vocabulary is a list of words used by lexicographers to write dictionary definitions. The underlying principle goes back to Samuel Johnson's notion that words should be defined using 'terms less abstruse than that which is to be explained', [1] and a defining vocabulary provides the lexicographer with a restricted list of high-frequency words which can be used for producing simple ...
The following conventions are used: Cognates are in general given in the oldest well-documented language of each family, although forms in modern languages are given for families in which the older stages of the languages are poorly documented or do not differ significantly from the modern languages.