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The duplication formula and the multiplication theorem for the gamma function are the prototypical examples. The duplication formula for the gamma function is (+) = ().It is also called the Legendre duplication formula [1] or Legendre relation, in honor of Adrien-Marie Legendre.
A formula for computing the trigonometric identities for the one-third angle exists, but it requires finding the zeroes of the cubic equation 4x 3 − 3x + d = 0, where is the value of the cosine function at the one-third angle and d is the known value of the cosine function at the full angle.
Area#Area formulas – Size of a two-dimensional surface; Perimeter#Formulas – Path that surrounds an area; List of second moments of area; List of surface-area-to-volume ratios – Surface area per unit volume; List of surface area formulas – Measure of a two-dimensional surface; List of trigonometric identities
Signs of trigonometric functions in each quadrant. All Students Take Calculus is a mnemonic for the sign of each trigonometric functions in each quadrant of the plane. The letters ASTC signify which of the trigonometric functions are positive, starting in the top right 1st quadrant and moving counterclockwise through quadrants 2 to 4.
Duplication, or doubling, multiplication by 2; Duplication matrix, a linear transformation dealing with half-vectorization; Doubling the cube, a problem in geometry also known as duplication of the cube; A type of multiplication theorem called the Legendre duplication formula or simply "duplication formula"
Thus 8x 3 − 6x − 1 = 0. Define p(t) to be the polynomial p(t) = 8t 3 − 6t − 1. Since x = cos 20° is a root of p(t), the minimal polynomial for cos 20° is a factor of p(t). Because p(t) has degree 3, if it is reducible over by Q then it has a rational root. By the rational root theorem, this root must be ±1, ± 1 / 2 , ± 1 ...
Hyperbolic functions in Euclidean geometry: The unit circle is parameterized by (cos t, sin t) whereas the equilateral hyperbola is parameterized by (cosh t, sinh t). Gyrotrigonometry : A form of trigonometry used in the gyrovector space approach to hyperbolic geometry , with applications to special relativity and quantum computation .
They also showed why lifespan scales as the + 1 ⁄ 4 power and heart rate as the - 1 ⁄ 4 power. Blood flow (+ 3 ⁄ 4) and resistance (-3 ⁄ 4) scale in the same way, leading to blood pressure being constant across species. [37] Hu and Hayton in 2001 discussed whether the basal metabolic rate scale is a 2 ⁄ 3 or 3 ⁄ 4 power of body mass.