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Stiffness depends upon material properties and geometry. The stiffness of a structural element of a given material is the product of the material's Young's modulus and the element's second moment of area. Stiffness is measured in force per unit length (newtons per millimetre or N/mm), and is equivalent to the 'force constant' in Hooke's Law.
Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that touch each other at one or more points. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A central distinction in contact mechanics is between stresses acting perpendicular to the contacting bodies' surfaces (known as normal stress ) and frictional stresses acting tangentially between the surfaces ( shear stress ).
The dive brakes on this SBD Dauntless are the slotted panels visible under the wings.. Dive brakes or dive flaps are deployed to slow down an aircraft when in a dive. They often consist of a metal flap that is lowered against the air flow, thus creating drag and reducing dive speed.
Normal contact stiffness is a physical quantity related to the generalized force displacement behavior of rough surfaces in contact with a rigid body or a second similar rough surface. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Specifically it is the amount of force per unit displacement required to compress an elastic object in the contact region.
Approximate specific stiffness for various materials. No attempt is made to correct for materials whose stiffness varies with their density. Material Young's modulus Density (g/cm 3) Young's modulus per density; specific stiffness (10 6 m 2 s −2) Young's modulus per density squared (10 3 m 5 kg −1 s −2) Young's modulus per density cubed ...
Sandwich theory [1] [2] describes the behaviour of a beam, plate, or shell which consists of three layers—two facesheets and one core. The most commonly used sandwich theory is linear and is an extension of first-order beam theory.
If you plot out how correlated the tangent angles at two different points are as a function of the distance between the two points, you'll get a plot that starts out at 1 (perfect correlation) at a distance of zero and drops exponentially as distance increases. The persistence length is the characteristic length scale of that exponential decay.
Mathematically, this requires a stiffness matrix to have full rank. A statically indeterminate structure can only be analyzed by including further information like material properties and deflections. Numerically, this can be achieved by using matrix structural analyses, finite element method (FEM) or the moment distribution method (Hardy Cross) .