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A confined space is a space with limited entry and egress and not suitable for human inhabitants. Alternative names for a confined space are enclosed space and dangerous space. [1] An example is the interior of a storage tank, occasionally entered by maintenance workers but not intended for human occupancy.
Confined space rescue is a subset of technical rescue operations that involves the rescue and recovery of victims trapped in a confined space or in a place only accessible through confined spaces, such as underground vaults, storage silos, storage tanks, or sewers. A warning label on a storage tank, indicating that it is a confined space.
Confined spaces include mines, buildings and large vehicles. For a rough estimate of the total casualties from an event, double the number that present in the first hour. Less injured patients often arrive first, as they take themselves to the nearest hospital.
Confined spaces can pose a hazard not just to workers, but also to people who try to rescue them. In 2015, around 136 U.S. workers died in fatalities related to confined spaces according to the data collected in response to the annual Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) program of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. [16]
The Space Shuttle was the first American spacecraft to have an Earth-like atmospheric mixture, comprising 22% oxygen and 78% nitrogen. [5] For the Space Shuttle, NASA includes in the ECLSS category systems that provide both life support for the crew and environmental control for payloads.
Hurricanes in categories 3, 4 and 5 are considered major hurricanes due to their potential for significant loss of life and damage. Even Category 1 hurricanes can be dangerous and require preparation.
The phrase appears in this sense in American state mining regulations, [2] [3] in military and corporate procedures, [4] [5] and in various mining and military blasting-related print books and narratives, [6] [better source needed] e.g. during bomb disposal or throwing grenades into a confined space. [1]
Claustrophobia is a fear of confined spaces. It is triggered by many situations or stimuli, including elevators, especially when crowded to capacity, windowless rooms, and hotel rooms with closed doors and sealed windows. Even bedrooms with a lock on the outside, small cars, and tight-necked clothing can induce a response in those with ...