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A link budget is an accounting of all of the power gains and losses that a communication signal experiences in a telecommunication system; from a transmitter, through a communication medium such as radio waves, cable, waveguide, or optical fiber, to the receiver.
For very low-power systems, such as mobile phones, signal strength is usually expressed in dB-microvolts per metre (dBμV/m) or in decibels above a reference level of one milliwatt . In broadcasting terminology, 1 mV/m is 1000 μV/m or 60 dBμ (often written dBu). Examples. 100 dBμ or 100 mV/m: blanketing interference may occur on some receivers
The end-user will likely observe an RSSI value when measuring the signal strength of a wireless network through the use of a wireless network monitoring tool like Wireshark, Kismet or Inssider. As an example, Cisco Systems cards have an RSSI maximum value of 100 and will report 101 different power levels, where the RSSI value is 0 to 100.
The formula calculator concept can be applied to all types of calculator, including arithmetic, scientific, statistics, financial and conversion calculators. The calculation can be typed or pasted into an edit box of: A software package that runs on a computer, for example as a dialog box. An on-line formula calculator hosted on a web site.
The Marshall-Edgeworth index, credited to Marshall (1887) and Edgeworth (1925), [11] is a weighted relative of current period to base period sets of prices. This index uses the arithmetic average of the current and based period quantities for weighting. It is considered a pseudo-superlative formula and is symmetric. [12]
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In the case of other devices, the gain will have a value in SI units. Such is the case with the operational transconductance amplifier , which has an open-loop gain ( transconductance ) in siemens ( mhos ), because the gain is a ratio of the output current to the input voltage.
(a) the electric field strength at a given point in space, due to the operation of the transmitter; and (b) the distance of that point from the transmitter's antenna". [9] It relates to AM broadcasting only, and expresses the field strength in "microvolts per metre at a distance of 1 kilometre from the transmitting antenna". [8]