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  2. Initiatives and referendums in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiatives_and...

    The initiative process, for proposing constitutional amendments, may also, like for state statutes, be "direct" or "indirect". Among the 18 states that provide for citizen-initiated constitutional amendments, Massachusetts and Mississippi are the only two states with indirect initiated state constitutional amendment.

  3. Initiative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiative

    Initiative Q, an alternative payment network; The Initiative (Tunisia) – a political party; The Hawkeye Initiative, a tumblr page that features comic book character Hawkeye in various poses held by female comic book characters; The Initiative (company), a video game development company based in Santa Monica; One Watt Initiative, energy-saving ...

  4. Referendum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum

    Popular initiative or Initiative referendum: A citizen-led process to propose and vote on new laws. Popular referendum: A citizen-led process to oppose and strike down existing laws. Recall referendum: A procedure to remove elected officials before the end of their term of office. Depending on the area and position, a recall may be for a ...

  5. Personal initiative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_initiative

    Personal initiative (PI) is self-starting and proactive behavior that overcomes barriers to achieve a goal. [1] The concept was developed by Michael Frese and coworkers in the 1990s . The three facets of PI – self-starting, future oriented, and overcoming barriers form a syndrome of proactive behaviors relating to each other empirically.

  6. Taking the Initiative Party - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taking_the_Initiative_Party

    The Taking the Initiative Party (TTIP) is a British political party emerging from the Black Lives Matter movement. [4] It was formed in 2016 by Charles Gordon, [ 5 ] and was registered with the Electoral Commission in October 2017.

  7. Good citizenship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_citizenship

    A good citizen is an individual who takes the initiative to improve their country. There are many opinions as to what constitutes a good citizen. Aristotle makes a distinction between the good citizen and the good man, writing, "...there cannot be a single absolute excellence of the good citizen. But the good man is so called in virtue of a ...

  8. Popular initiative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_initiative

    A popular initiative (also citizens' initiative) is a form of direct democracy by which a petition meeting certain hurdles can force a legal procedure on a proposition. In direct initiative , the proposition is put directly to a plebiscite or referendum , also called a popular initiated referendum or citizen-initiated referendum .

  9. Initiative (chess) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiative_(chess)

    Due to moving first, White starts the game with the initiative, [2] but it can be lost in the opening by accepting a gambit.Players can also lose initiative by making unnecessary moves that allow the opponent to gain tempo, such as superfluous "preventive" (prophylactic) moves intended to guard against certain actions by the opponent, that nonetheless require no specific response by them.