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These studies found that >95% of CD4 T cells die because of abortive HIV infection. [9] These dying cells are resting and thus are nonpermissive for productive HIV infection. Full viral replication was limited to the ~5% of activated CD4 T cells present in these tissues; these cells die by apoptosis. [10]
English: A document published by the United States' National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in 2024 — and unpublished after Donald Trump returned to the US Presidency in 2025 — describing how to talk about HIV/AIDS
HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4 + T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. It directly and indirectly destroys CD4 + T cells. [88] HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus, [89] part of the family Retroviridae. [90] Lentiviruses share many morphological and biological characteristics.
Antiretroviral drugs are used to manage HIV/AIDS. Multiple antiretroviral drugs are often combined into a single pill in order to reduce pill burden. Some of these combinations are complete single-tablet regimens; the others must be combined with additional pills to make a treatment regimen.
Two types of HIV have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the virus that was initially discovered and termed both lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) and human T-lymphotropic virus 3 (HTLV-III). HIV-1 is more virulent and more infective than HIV-2, [20] and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. The lower ...
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS. Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores. The latency stage ...
[full citation needed] When deployed, a combination of DNA-snipping enzyme called a nuclease and targeting strand of RNA called a guide RNA (gRNA) hunt down the viral genome and excise the HIV-1 DNA. From there, the cell's own gene repair machinery takes over, soldering the loose ends of the genome back together – resulting in virus-free cells.
HIV-2 carries a slightly lower risk of transmission than HIV-1 and infection tends to progress more slowly to AIDS. [7] In common usage HIV usually implies HIV-1. [8] HIV-1 protease is one of the best known aspartic proteases, and an attractive target for the treatment of AIDS. [9]