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The Allihn-condenser or bulb condenser is named after Felix Richard Allihn (1854–1915). [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] The Allihn-condenser consists of a long glass tube with a water jacket . A series of bulbs on the tube increases the surface area upon which the vapor constituents may condense.
Liebig condenser. The Liebig condenser (/ ˈ l iː b ɪ ɡ /, LEE-big) [1] or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass tube surrounded by a water jacket. In typical laboratory operation, such as distillation, the condenser is clamped to a retort stand in vertical
The simplest form of a group-contribution method is the determination of a component property by summing up the group contributions : [] = +.This simple form assumes that the property (normal boiling point in the example) is strictly linearly dependent on the number of groups, and additionally no interaction between groups and molecules are assumed.
T-s diagram for the ideal/real ORC. The working principle of the organic Rankine cycle is the same as that of the Rankine cycle: the working fluid is pumped to a boiler where it is evaporated, passed through an expansion device (turbine, [3] screw, [4] scroll, [5] or other expander), and then through a condenser heat exchanger where it is finally re-condensed.
A Soxhlet extractor has three main sections: a percolator (boiler and reflux) which circulates the solvent, a thimble (usually made of thick filter paper) which retains the solid to be extracted, and a siphon mechanism, which periodically empties the condensed solvent from the thimble back into the percolator.
The Kjeldahl method or Kjeldahl digestion (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰelˌtɛˀl]) in analytical chemistry is a method for the quantitative determination of a sample's organic nitrogen plus ammonia/ammonium (NH 3 /NH 4 +). Without modification, other forms of inorganic nitrogen, for instance nitrate, are not included in this measurement.
A condenser is designed to transfer heat from a working fluid (e.g. water in a steam power plant) to a secondary fluid or the surrounding air. The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid. The vapor typically enters the condenser at a ...
River water with pollutants are also undesirable for condenser cooling water. The corrosive effect of sea or river water has to be tolerated and remedial methods have to be adopted. One method is the use of sodium hypochlorite, or chlorine, to ensure there is no marine growth on the pipes or the tubes. This practice must be strictly regulated ...