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The leaves are densely set in irregular flat rows. They are broad and stubby in comparison to other species of the genus Tsuga, and they vary in length from 0.7 to 2 cm (0.28 to 0.79 in) long by about 0.2 cm (0.079 in) wide. They are blunt with notched tips and shiny dark green above.
The distribution of T. mertensiana stretches from Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, to northern Tulare County, California. [4] [5] [6] Its range fairly closely matches that of T. heterophylla (western hemlock), found less than 100 kilometers (62 miles) from the Pacific Ocean, apart from an inland population in the Rocky Mountains in southeast British Columbia, northern Idaho, and western Montana.
Tsuga (/ ˈ s uː ɡ ə /, [3] from Japanese 栂 (ツガ), the name of Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the subfamily Abietoideae of Pinaceae, the pine family.The English-language common name "hemlock" arose from a perceived similarity in the smell of its crushed foliage to that of the unrelated plant hemlock. [4]
An Eastern Hemlock branch at the Kortright Centre for Conservation. Tsuga canadensis, also known as eastern hemlock, [3] eastern hemlock-spruce, [4] or Canadian hemlock, and in the French-speaking regions of Canada as pruche du Canada, is a coniferous tree native to eastern North America. It is the state tree of Pennsylvania. [5]
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Tsuga heterophylla, the western hemlock [2] or western hemlock-spruce, [3] is a species of hemlock native to the northwest coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Sonoma County, California. [4] [5] The Latin species name means 'variable leaves'. [6]
The wood from the tree is a brownish yellow with a fine structure and straight veins. [3] The leaves are spirally arranged, pointing forward on the branches and placed distantly from one another compared to other species in the genus Tsuga. They are linear in shape, and 10 to 25 mm (0.5 to 1 inch) long by 2 to 2.5 mm (0.08 to 0.10 inches) wide.
It is an evergreen coniferous tree growing up to 30 m (98 ft) (exceptionally 34 m or 112 ft) tall and 110 cm (43 in) in trunk diameter under forest conditions. The crown is compact and pyramidal, growing up to 8 m (26 ft) wide. The bark is thick and reddish-brown, and becomes fissured between scaly ridges. The branches are stout and usually ...