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Molecular dynamics simulations are often used to study biophysical systems. Depicted here is a 100 ps simulation of water. A simplified description of the standard molecular dynamics simulation algorithm, when a predictor-corrector-type integrator is used.
Constraint algorithms are often applied to molecular dynamics simulations. Although such simulations are sometimes performed using internal coordinates that automatically satisfy the bond-length, bond-angle and torsion-angle constraints, simulations may also be performed using explicit or implicit constraint forces for these three constraints.
Coarse-grained models have found practical applications in molecular dynamics simulations. [1] Another case of interest is the simplification of a given discrete-state system, as very often descriptions of the same system at different levels of detail are possible.
A Verlet list (named after Loup Verlet) is a data structure in molecular dynamics simulations to efficiently maintain a list of all particles within a given cut-off distance of each other. [1] This method may easily be applied to Monte Carlo simulations. For short-range interactions, a cut-off radius is typically used, beyond which particle ...
The Car–Parrinello method is a type of molecular dynamics, usually employing periodic boundary conditions, planewave basis sets, and density functional theory, proposed by Roberto Car and Michele Parrinello in 1985 while working at SISSA, [1] who were subsequently awarded the Dirac Medal by ICTP in 2009.
Molecular modelling encompasses all methods, theoretical and computational, used to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules. [1] The methods are used in the fields of computational chemistry, drug design, computational biology and materials science to study molecular systems ranging from small chemical systems to large biological molecules and material assemblies.
A real world molecular system is unlikely to be present in vacuum. Jostling of solvent or air molecules causes friction, and the occasional high velocity collision will perturb the system. Langevin dynamics attempts to extend molecular dynamics to allow for these effects.
In computer software, Orac is a classical molecular dynamics program, to simulate complex molecular systems at the atomistic level. In 1989-1990, the code was written originally by Massimo Marchi during his stay at International Business Machines (), Kingston (USA).