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Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to attain strategic goals. Furthermore, it may also extend to control mechanisms for guiding the implementation of the strategy.
Strategic management processes and activities. Strategy is defined as "the determination of the basic long-term goals of an enterprise, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals."
This framework enables the individual setting the goal to have a precise understanding of the expected outcomes, while the evaluator has concrete criteria for assessment. The SMART acronym is linked to Peter Drucker's management by objectives (MBO) concept, illustrating its foundational role in strategic planning and performance management. [4]
San Diego, a comprehensive plan for its improvement, 1908 A City Plan for Austin, Texas, 1928. Comprehensive planning is an ordered process that determines community goals and aspirations in terms of community development. The end product is called a comprehensive plan, [1] also known as a general plan, [2] or master plan. [3]
Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. [1] Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence.
Strategic thinking is a mental or thinking process applied by an individual in the context of achieving a goal or set of goals. As a cognitive activity, it produces thought . When applied in an organizational strategic management process, strategic thinking involves the generation and application of unique business insights and opportunities ...
In doing so, the goal setter has established a desired future state which differs from their current state thus creating a mismatch which in turn spurs future actions. [2] Goal setting can be guided by goal-setting criteria (or rules) such as SMART criteria. [3] Goal setting is a major component of personal-development and management literature.
Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve goals are usually limited. Strategy generally involves setting goals and priorities, determining actions to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources to execute the actions. [4] A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved by the means (resources). [5]