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Due to the extremely low amounts of liquids 0.1 - 10 nl and reagents, the methods to work with nanoliterplates are completely different compared to the methods used for microliter plates. Nanoliter plates reduce the amount of reagents, require lower sample volumes and increase the numbers of tests that can be performed in the lab .
The integrated nanoliter system consists of microfabricated fluidic channels, heaters, temperature sensors, and fluorescence detectors. The microfabricated fluidic channels (basically very small pipes) act as the main transportation structures for any fluids as well as where reactions occur within the system.
This is necessary since the signal-to-noise ratio of sample sizes in the microliter to nanoliter range is dramatically reduced compared to bench-scale sample sizes, and microcoils have been shown to resolve this issue. [84] Mass spectrometry (MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have also been used to overcome this challenge.
Silicone rubber and glass microfluidic devices. Top: a photograph of the devices. Bottom: Phase contrast micrographs of a serpentine channel ~15 μm wide. The behaviour of fluids at the microscale can differ from "macrofluidic" behaviour in that factors such as surface tension, energy dissipation, and fluidic resistance start to dominate the system.
The freezing point depression osmometer operates by using the solution's freezing point to determine the concentration of the solution. It uses a nanoliter nanometer, a device that facilitates the establishment of the solution's melting and freezing points. Calibration, loading, deep freezing, and determination are the four separate procedures ...
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Magnetic droplets, in the context of droplet-based microfluidics, are microliter size droplets that are either composed of ferrofluids or contain some magnetic component that allows for manipulation via an applied magnetic field. Ferrofluids are homogenous mixtures of colloidal solutions of magnetic nanoparticles in a liquid carrier. [80]
The tips are plastic-made tools for single-use. In general, they are made of Polypropylene. Depending on the size of the pipette, the user needs specific tip sizes like: 10 μL, 100 μL, 200 μL, 1,000 μL, other non-standard sizes, such as 5,000 μL (5 mL) or 10,000 μL (10 mL).