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  2. Beer–Lambert law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer–Lambert_law

    Beer's law states that a beam of visible light passing through a chemical solution of fixed geometry experiences absorption proportional to the solute concentration. Other applications appear in physical optics , where it quantifies astronomical extinction and the absorption of photons , neutrons , or rarefied gases .

  3. Langmuir adsorption model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langmuir_adsorption_model

    where is the fractional occupancy of the adsorption sites, i.e., the ratio of the volume V of gas adsorbed onto the solid to the volume of a gas molecules monolayer covering the whole surface of the solid and completely occupied by the adsorbate. A continuous monolayer of adsorbate molecules covering a homogeneous flat solid surface is the ...

  4. Molar absorption coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_absorption_coefficient

    The molar absorption coefficient is usually decadic. [1] [4] When ambiguity exists, it is important to indicate which one applies. When there are N absorbing species in a solution, the overall absorbance is the sum of the absorbances for each individual species i:

  5. Absorption (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(chemistry)

    absorption: 1) The process of one material (absorbate) being retained by another (absorbent); this may be the physical solution of a gas, liquid, or solid in a liquid, attachment of molecules of a gas, vapour, liquid, or dissolved substance to a solid surface by physical forces, etc. In spectrophotometry, absorption of light at characteristic ...

  6. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet–visible...

    The Beer–Lambert law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing species in the solution and the path length. [9] Thus, for a fixed path length, UV-Vis spectroscopy can be used to determine the concentration of the absorber in a solution.

  7. Ethanol (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_(data_page)

    Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid: −277.38 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 159.9 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o: −1370.7 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p: 112.4 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas: −235.3 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o gas: 283 J ...

  8. Partition coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_coefficient

    This ratio is therefore a comparison of the solubilities of the solute in these two liquids. The partition coefficient generally refers to the concentration ratio of un-ionized species of compound, whereas the distribution coefficient refers to the concentration ratio of all species of the compound (ionized plus un-ionized). [1]

  9. Absorbance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbance

    Absorbance is defined as "the logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a sample (excluding the effects on cell walls)". [1] Alternatively, for samples which scatter light, absorbance may be defined as "the negative logarithm of one minus absorptance, as measured on a uniform sample". [2]