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Mucociliary clearance has a major role in pulmonary hygiene. MCC effectiveness relies on the correct properties of the airway surface liquid produced, both of the periciliary sol layer and the overlying mucus gel layer, and of the number and quality of the cilia present in the lining of the airways. [3] An important factor is the rate of mucin ...
Mucociliary escalator, [4] surfactant, [3] defensins [3] Nasopharynx: Mucus, saliva, lysozyme [3] Eyes: Tears [3] Blood–brain barrier: endothelial cells (via passive diffusion/ osmosis & active selection). P-glycoprotein (mechanism by which active transportation is mediated)
These beat rhythmically out from the lungs, moving secreted mucus foreign particles toward the laryngopharynx upwards and outwards, in a process called mucociliary clearance, preventing mucus accumulation in the lungs. Macrophages in the alveoli are part of the immune system which engulf and digest any inhaled harmful agents.
The cells in the respiratory epithelium are of five main types: a) ciliated cells, b) goblet cells, c) brush cells, d) airway basal cells, and e) small granule cells (NDES) [6] Goblet cells become increasingly fewer further down the respiratory tree until they are absent in the terminal bronchioles; club cells take over their role to some extent here. [7]
Mucokinetics: increase mucociliary transport (clearance) and transportability of mucus by cough [2] Mucoregulators: suppress underlying mechanisms of mucus hypersecretion [2] Alternatively, attacking the affinity between secretions and the biological surfaces is another avenue, which is used by abhesives and surfactants. [citation needed]
Pulmonary hygiene, also referred to as pulmonary toilet, [1] is a set of methods used to clear mucus and secretions from the airways.The word pulmonary refers to the lungs.The word toilet, related to the French toilette, refers to body care and hygiene; this root is used in words such as toiletry that also relate to cleansing.
Mucociliary action carries it down from the nasal passages and up from the rest of the tract to the pharynx, with most of it being swallowed subconsciously. Sometimes in times of respiratory illness or inflammation, mucus can become thickened with cell debris, bacteria, and inflammatory cells.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic ciliopathy, that causes defects in the action of cilia lining the upper and lower respiratory tract, sinuses, Eustachian tube, middle ear, fallopian tube, and flagella of sperm cells.