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Albert Einstein believed space and time made up a fourth dimension. An example from a string theorist gives a view of what a fourth dimension could be. We move through three dimensions.
Firstly, four-dimensional accounts of time are argued to better explain paradoxes of change over time (often referred to as the paradox of the Ship of Theseus) than three-dimensional theories. A contemporary account of this paradox is introduced in Ney (2014), [ 3 ] but the original problem has its roots in Greek antiquity.
1922: The Big Bang theory of the universe—that the universe is expanding from a single original point—was developed from the independent derivation of the Friedmann equations from Albert Einstein's equations of general relativity by the Russian, Alexander Friedmann, in 1922, and by the Belgian, Georges Lemaître, in 1927. [61]
— Albert Einstein, Ether and the Theory of Relativity (1920) [15] Because it was no longer possible to speak, in any absolute sense, of simultaneous states at different locations in the aether, the aether became, as it were, four-dimensional, since there was no objective way of ordering its states by time alone.
Albert Einstein, physicist, 1879-1955, Graphic: Heikenwaelder Hugo,1999 Special relativity is a theory of the structure of spacetime . It was introduced in Einstein's 1905 paper " On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies " (for the contributions of many other physicists and mathematicians, see History of special relativity ).
The higher-dimensional generalization of the Kerr metric was discovered by Robert Myers and Malcolm Perry. [1] Like the Kerr metric, the Myers–Perry metric has spherical horizon topology. The construction involves making a Kerr–Schild ansatz ; by a similar method, the solution has been generalized to include a cosmological constant .
Although the Einstein field equations were initially formulated in the context of a four-dimensional theory, some theorists have explored their consequences in n dimensions. [9] The equations in contexts outside of general relativity are still referred to as the Einstein field equations.
The theory of special relativity was initially developed in 1905 by Albert Einstein. However, other interpretations of special relativity have been developed, some on the basis of different foundational axioms. While some are mathematically equivalent to Einstein's theory, others aim to revise or extend it.