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Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ ˈ v ɛ s p ər, v ə ˈ s ɛ p ər / VESP-ər, [1]: 410 və-SEP-ər [2]) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. [3]
The lower-energy MO is bonding with electron density concentrated between the two H nuclei. The higher-energy MO is anti-bonding with electron density concentrated behind each H nucleus. Molecular orbital (MO) theory uses a linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) to represent molecular orbitals resulting from bonds between atoms.
The impact of valence theory declined during the 1960s and 1970s as molecular orbital theory grew in usefulness as it was implemented in large digital computer programs. Since the 1980s, the more difficult problems, of implementing valence bond theory into computer programs, have been solved largely, and valence bond theory has seen a ...
Chemist Linus Pauling first developed the hybridisation theory in 1931 to explain the structure of simple molecules such as methane (CH 4) using atomic orbitals. [2] Pauling pointed out that a carbon atom forms four bonds by using one s and three p orbitals, so that "it might be inferred" that a carbon atom would form three bonds at right angles (using p orbitals) and a fourth weaker bond ...
HSAB theory is also useful in predicting the products of metathesis reactions. In 2005 it was shown that even the sensitivity and performance of explosive materials can be explained on basis of HSAB theory. [2] Ralph Pearson introduced the HSAB principle in the early 1960s [3] [4] [5] as an attempt to unify inorganic and organic reaction ...
In the new Netflix movie 'Leave the World Behind,' based on the book by Rumaan Alam, the ending left many confused and wondering if the characters survive. All The Theories About The Ending Of ...
Against the expectations of VSEPR theory but consistent with Bent's rule, the bond angles of ammonia (NH 3) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3) are 107° and 102°, respectively. Unlike VSEPR theory, whose theoretical foundations now appear shaky, Bent's rule is still considered to be an important principle in modern treatments of bonding.
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