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In particle physics, a fermion is a subatomic particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermions have a half-odd-integer spin ( spin 1 / 2 , spin 3 / 2 , etc.) and obey the Pauli exclusion principle .
All known fermions except neutrinos, are also Dirac fermions; that is, each known fermion has its own distinct antiparticle. It is not known whether the neutrino is a Dirac fermion or a Majorana fermion. [4] Fermions are the basic building blocks of all matter. They are classified according to whether they interact via the strong interaction or ...
A Dirac fermion is equivalent to two Weyl fermions. [1] The counterpart to a Dirac fermion is a Majorana fermion, a particle that must be its own antiparticle.
Fermi–Dirac statistics is a type of quantum statistics that applies to the physics of a system consisting of many non-interacting, identical particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle. A result is the Fermi–Dirac distribution of particles over energy states.
In quantum field theory, a fermionic field is a quantum field whose quanta are fermions; that is, they obey Fermi–Dirac statistics.Fermionic fields obey canonical anticommutation relations rather than the canonical commutation relations of bosonic fields.
In condensed matter physics, semi-Dirac fermions are a class of quasiparticles that are fermionic with the unusual property that their energy dispersion relation changes from quadratic to linear dependent on their direction of motion. [1]
A Fermi gas is an idealized model, an ensemble of many non-interacting fermions.Fermions are particles that obey Fermi–Dirac statistics, like electrons, protons, and neutrons, and, in general, particles with half-integer spin.
A Majorana fermion (/ m aɪ ə ˈ r ɑː n ə / [1]) or Majorana particle is a fermion that is its own antiparticle.They were hypothesised by Ettore Majorana in 1937. The term is sometimes used in opposition to Dirac fermion, which describes fermions that are not their own antiparticles.