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The metaphor of a golden age began to be applied in 19th-century literature about Islamic history, in the context of the western aesthetic fashion known as Orientalism.The author of a Handbook for Travelers in Syria and Palestine in 1868 observed that the most beautiful mosques of Damascus were "like Mohammedanism itself, now rapidly decaying" and relics of "the golden age of Islam".
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, [1] [2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. [citation needed]
Hispano-Moresque ware: This was a style of Islamic pottery created in Arab Spain, after the Moors had introduced two ceramic techniques to Europe: glazing with an opaque white tin-glaze, and painting in metallic lusters. Hispano-Moresque ware was distinguished from the pottery of Christendom by the Islamic character of its decoration. [107]
The Ottoman Empire enters the war allied with Germany. 1914-1918: Ottoman Empire carries out genocides of several communities, such as Assyrian Christians. [5] 200,000 to 275,000 were killed. [6] [7] About half of the Assyrian population in the Ottoman Empire perished. [8] 1914: Egypt becomes a British protectorate.
703: Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam of Shia Islam, is born. 705: Death of caliph Abd al-Malik. Accession of Al-Walid I as Umayyad Caliph. 711: Conquest of Spain by Tariq ibn Ziyad and of Transoxiana by Qutayba ibn Muslim. 712: Conquest of Sindh by Muhammad ibn Qasim; 713: Ali ibn Husayn, the fourth Imam of Shia was poisoned and martyred.
In 615, some of Muhammad's followers emigrated to the Ethiopian Aksumite Empire and founded a small colony. This was known as the Hijrah [11] [9] Tabari, Volume 6 [19] Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [20] 9 First Muslim Ambassador and Envoy: Mus`ab ibn `Umair: September 621 [21] [22] Musab ibn Umair al-Abdari was the first Muslim Ambassador.
But majority of Muslims denounced Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as a Heretic and later Parliament of Pakistan declared followers of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam as Non-Muslims. 1890: End of the Toucouleur Empire. 1895: Afghanistan got Wakhan Corridor by an understanding with Russia and British India making Afghan border touch China.