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The approach is conventionally understood as having been developed by Franz Boas, who developed the discipline of anthropology in the United States. [1] [2] A 2013 re-assessment of the evidence has indicated that the idea of four-field anthropology has a more complex 19th-century history in Europe and North America. [3]
Another important application of Boas was the four field discipline of anthropology in which he proclaimed that all sub-fields together were needed to paint an accurate picture of anthropological research. [7] Other anthropologists made contributions to early modern anthropology, like Bronislaw Malinowski, Margaret Mead, and Ruth Benedict.
Forensic anthropology – application of the anatomical science of anthropology and its various subfields, including forensic archaeology and forensic taphonomy, in a legal setting. Paleoanthropology – study of the evolutionary development of ancient humans.
Hundreds of other organizations exist in the various sub-fields of anthropology, sometimes divided up by nation or region, and many anthropologists work with collaborators in other disciplines, such as geology, physics, zoology, paleontology, anatomy, music theory, art history, sociology and so on, belonging to professional societies in those ...
American anthropology is organized into four fields, each of which plays an important role in research on culture: biological anthropology; linguistic anthropology; cultural anthropology; archaeology; Research in these fields has influenced anthropologists working in other countries to different degrees.
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC 2008) Chapter 3 and Appendix 1: Fields of research classification. Fields of Knowledge, a zoomable map allowing the academic disciplines and sub-disciplines in this article be visualised. Interactive Historical Atlas of the Disciplines, University of Geneva
Applied anthropology is the practical application of anthropological theories, methods, and practices to the analysis and solution of practical problems. The term was first put forward by Daniel G. Brinton in his paper "The Aims of Anthropology". [1] John Van Willengen defined applied anthropology as "anthropology put to use". [2]
Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a social science discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. [1]