Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
In electrochemistry, the electrochemical potential of electrons (or any other species) is the total potential, including both the (internal, nonelectrical) chemical potential and the electric potential, and is by definition constant across a device in equilibrium, whereas the chemical potential of electrons is equal to the electrochemical ...
The phrase "chemical potential" sometimes means "total chemical potential", but that is not universal. [13] In some fields, in particular electrochemistry, semiconductor physics, and solid-state physics, the term "chemical potential" means internal chemical potential, while the term electrochemical potential is used to mean total chemical ...
In fact, the quantity called voltage as measured in an electronic circuit has a simple relationship to the chemical potential for electrons (Fermi level). When the leads of a voltmeter are attached to two points in a circuit, the displayed voltage is a measure of the total work transferred when a unit charge is allowed to move from one point to ...
In a Fermi gas, the lowest occupied state is taken to have zero kinetic energy, whereas in a metal, the lowest occupied state is typically taken to mean the bottom of the conduction band. The term "Fermi energy" is often used to refer to a different yet closely related concept, the Fermi level (also called electrochemical potential).
The density of states related to volume V and N countable energy levels is defined as: = = (()). Because the smallest allowed change of momentum for a particle in a box of dimension and length is () = (/), the volume-related density of states for continuous energy levels is obtained in the limit as ():= (()), Here, is the spatial dimension of the considered system and the wave vector.
Hence, the internal chemical potential, μ-E 0, is approximately equal to the Fermi energy at temperatures that are much lower than the characteristic Fermi temperature T F. This characteristic temperature is on the order of 10 5 K for a metal, hence at room temperature (300 K), the Fermi energy and internal chemical potential are essentially ...
[2] [3] Other theoretical concepts that use electron affinity include electronic chemical potential and chemical hardness. Another example, a molecule or atom that has a more positive value of electron affinity than another is often called an electron acceptor and the less positive an electron donor. Together they may undergo charge-transfer ...
Here is a quote from Solid State Physics, Ashcroft and Mermin(1976),Chapter 2, p.43 eq.(2.53): "[...]for metals the chemical potential remains equal to the Fermi energy to a high degree of precision, all the way up to room temperature.